grammars - ορισμός. Τι είναι το grammars
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Τι (ποιος) είναι grammars - ορισμός

SET OF STRUCTURAL RULES THAT GOVERNS THE COMPOSITION OF CLAUSES, PHRASES, AND WORDS IN ANY GIVEN NATURAL LANGUAGE
History of grammar; Grammatically; Grammar framework; Gramatical; Rules of language; Grammaticalness; Language structure; Grammatical structure; Grammatical rule; Grammars; Semantic rule; Semantical rule; Methods Used in teaching Grammar; Grammar frameworks; Reference grammar

grammar         
¦ noun
1. the whole system and structure of a language or of languages in general, usually taken as consisting of syntax and morphology.
a set of prescriptive notions about correct use of a language.
2. a book on grammar.
3. the basic elements of an area of knowledge or skill: the grammar of wine.
Word History
Although the two concepts are rarely associated with each other, grammar and glamour are linked. Recorded in Middle English, the word grammar came via French gramaire and Latin grammatica from Greek grammatike (tekhne) '(art) of letters'. In the Middle Ages Latin grammatica was often used to mean 'learning', and because many people associated scholarship with magic, grammar seems to have taken on the meaning 'enchantment, magic'. It was in Scottish English in the 18th century that the spelling change from grammar to glamour occurred, and the form glamour became fixed in the meaning 'magic' and later 'an attractive and exciting quality'. Similarly, grimoire 'a book of spells' derives from an alternative spelling of French grammaire 'grammar'.
grammar         
n. comparative; descriptive; functional; generative; historical; prescriptive; structuralist; systemic; transformational grammar
grammar         
(grammars)
1.
Grammar is the ways that words can be put together in order to make sentences.
He doesn't have mastery of the basic rules of grammar.
...the difference between Sanskrit and Tibetan grammar.
N-UNCOUNT
2.
Someone's grammar is the way in which they obey or do not obey the rules of grammar when they write or speak.
His vocabulary was sound and his grammar excellent.
...a deterioration in spelling and grammar among teenagers.
N-UNCOUNT: oft supp N
3.
A grammar is a book that describes the rules of a language.
...an advanced English grammar.
N-COUNT
4.
A particular grammar is a particular theory that is intended to explain the rules of a language.
Transformational grammars are more restrictive.
N-VAR: with supp

Βικιπαίδεια

Grammar

In linguistics, the grammar of a natural language is its set of structural constraints on speakers' or writers' composition of clauses, phrases, and words. The term can also refer to the study of such constraints, a field that includes domains such as phonology, morphology, and syntax, often complemented by phonetics, semantics, and pragmatics. There are currently two different approaches to the study of grammar: traditional grammar and theoretical grammar.

Fluent speakers of a language variety or lect have effectively internalized these constraints, the vast majority of which – at least in the case of one's native language(s) – are acquired not by conscious study or instruction but by hearing other speakers. Much of this internalization occurs during early childhood; learning a language later in life usually involves more explicit instruction. In this view, grammar is understood as the cognitive information underlying a specific instance of language production.

The term "grammar" can also describe the linguistic behavior of groups of speakers and writers rather than individuals. Differences in scales are important to this sense of the word: for example, the term "English grammar" could refer to the whole of English grammar (that is, to the grammar of all the speakers of the language), in which case the term encompasses a great deal of variation. At a smaller scale, it may refer only to what is shared among the grammars of all or most English speakers (such as subject–verb–object word order in simple declarative sentences). At the smallest scale, this sense of "grammar" can describe the conventions of just one relatively well-defined form of English (such as standard English for a region).

A description, study, or analysis of such rules may also be referred to as grammar. A reference book describing the grammar of a language is called a "reference grammar" or simply "a grammar" (see History of English grammars). A fully explicit grammar, which exhaustively describes the grammatical constructions of a particular speech variety, is called descriptive grammar. This kind of linguistic description contrasts with linguistic prescription, an attempt to actively discourage or suppress some grammatical constructions while codifying and promoting others, either in an absolute sense or about a standard variety. For example, some prescriptivists maintain that sentences in English should not end with prepositions, a prohibition that has been traced to John Dryden (13 April 1668 – January 1688) whose unexplained objection to the practice perhaps led other English speakers to avoid the construction and discourage its use. Yet preposition stranding has a long history in Germanic languages like English, where it is so widespread as to be a standard usage.

Outside linguistics, the term grammar is often used in a rather different sense. It may be used more broadly to include conventions of spelling and punctuation, which linguists would not typically consider as part of grammar but rather as part of orthography, the conventions used for writing a language. It may also be used more narrowly to refer to a set of prescriptive norms only, excluding those aspects of a language's grammar which are not subject to variation or debate on their normative acceptability. Jeremy Butterfield claimed that, for non-linguists, "Grammar is often a generic way of referring to any aspect of English that people object to."

Παραδείγματα από το σώμα κειμένου για grammars
1. Labour claimed Thursday‘s statement on grammars was a U–turn.
2. Labour hates the grammars and spitefully killed off assisted places.
3. No grammars appear in the top 100 schools in the country.
4. Now let the ordinary people have access to grammars, producing equally confident new leaders.
5. Areas still divided between grammars and secondaries prove it: they have far worse overall results.